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美国接受更多基督徒难民,还是穆斯林难民?

美国接受更多基督徒难民,还是穆斯林难民?

2017?2?7 Baraa Haj Khalaf 1 Shams Abdulmajeed

皮尤研究中心的分析显示,2016财年中基督徒占据许可进入美国的宗教少数群体难民的绝大多数。而在宗教多数群体中,欢迎进入美国的大多是穆斯林。

皮尤评估了从美国国务院难民安置中心(State Department's Refugee Processing Center)获得的数据,发现那段期间37%来美国的难民在祖国属于宗教少数群体,这些难民中61%的人是基督徒。穆斯林占许可进入美国的宗教少数群体难民的22%,而印度教徒和其他“宗教”占15%。

去年进入美国所有难民中的三分之二在自己的国家属于宗教多数群体。其中,60%是穆斯林,而基督徒占35%。佛教徒,主要来自缅甸,占宗教多数群体难民的6%。

绝大多数难民来自的十大国家分别是:刚果民主共和国(19%),叙利亚(15),缅甸(15),伊拉克(12),索马里(11),不丹(7),伊朗(4),阿富汗(3),乌克兰(3)和厄立特里亚(2)。

基督徒在这10个国家中的3个属于宗教多数群体,其中包括刚果民主共和国。

2016财年中,共有8.5万难民进入美国。总体而言,46%的难民是穆斯林——这是自从2002年有数据以来,允许进入美国的穆斯林人数最多的一年——44%是基督徒。

尽管去年穆斯林难民创历史新高,但在过去15年间,美国也接受了比穆斯林难民(32%)更多的基督徒难民(46%)。

最近几周,难民的宗教结构被置于聚光灯下,此前总统唐纳德·特朗普1月底的行政命令暂停美国难民安置计划,考虑到安全问题。

该命令目前在旧金山美国第九巡回上诉法院审查,司法部被问及这是否是反穆斯林的禁令。

BBC新闻称,无论本周晚些时候的结果是什么,此案都很可能会被送到最高法院。

另一争议是特朗普接受CBN新闻采访时承诺,其政府将优先考虑基督徒难民。

“你知道,如果你是叙利亚的基督徒,这是不可能的,至少很难进入美国?如果你是穆斯林,你可以进来,但是如果你是基督徒,这几乎是不可能的,原因是如此不公平,平心而论每个人都受到迫害,但砍去每个人的脑袋,但更多是基督徒,”特朗普在当时的采访中说。

“我认为这非常,非常不公平。”

正在讨论中的行政命令并不包括优先考虑基督徒的言辞,尽管迫害监察组织对特朗普的承诺百感交集。

大卫·库里,美国敞开的门主席,称赞特朗普意识到过去几年中受迫害基督徒“不可思议地增多”,但提醒说优先考虑基督徒可能会造成更多问题。

“加快对那些受到ISIS故意针对的难民,像雅兹迪教派、基督教徒和一些穆斯林团体的入境,似乎是恰当的。然而,优先考虑一种宗教只会加剧本已严重的全球宗教迫害趋势,”库里说。

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