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上诉庭判佛州某校教师不得要求他人使用异性称呼

上诉庭判佛州某校教师不得要求他人使用异性称呼

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一家上诉法院裁定,公立学校教师不能再要求教职员工和学生使用异性称呼。

美国第十一巡回上诉法院的一个由三名法官组成的合议庭以2-1的比分裁定,身为男性但自认为女性的高中数学教师凯蒂·伍德(Katie Wood)不能使用女性代词或被尊称“女士”。

争议的焦点是2023年通过的一项州法律,即《佛罗里达州法规》第1000.071条。该条规定:“公立K-12教育机构的雇员或承包商不得使用学生偏好的称呼或代词,如果他们偏好的称呼或代词与其性别不符的话。”

特朗普任命的巡回法官凯文·纽瑟姆(Kevin Newsom)撰写了多数意见书。他认为伍德没有实质证明州法律侵犯了(他的)言论自由权的可能性。

具体地说,纽瑟姆不同意下级法院的结论,即伍德自称的代词是“私人公民”而非“政府雇员”的言论。

纽瑟姆写道,“教师的发言权并非没有限制。伍德无法证明,就本案中的言论而言,他是作为一名普通公民而不是政府雇员发表的言论”。

纽森写道:“当公立学校的教师在教室的四壁内对学生讲话时——无论是口头还是书面形式——他无疑是在执行公务。”

纽森将伍德的情况与2022年美国最高法院审理的“肯尼迪诉布雷默顿学区 ”案中乔·肯尼迪(Joe Kennedy)的情况进行了对比。在该案中,最高法院以6比3的比分裁定,公立高中橄榄球教练可以在赛后合法地在足球场上祈祷。

他指出:“肯尼迪在祈祷时,他作为足球教练的官方职责已经停止——可以说他已经下班了。与此相反,......当伍德在课堂上对学生讲话时,他是在上班时间。履行的正是州政府雇用他来履行的义务。”

奥巴马任命的巡回法官阿达尔贝托·乔丹(Adalberto Jordan)撰写了反对意见。他写道:“伍德已经充分证明,使用他偏好的称呼和代词是个人就公众关注的问题发表的言论,而不是代表政府发表的言论。”

乔丹继续说:“教师首选的个人职称和代词与她的姓名一样,是个人身份的重要标志。它们存在于学校或政府之外,并不依附于学校或政府。”

“换句话说,即是不再是公立学校的教师,伍德仍然会有自己喜欢的称呼和代词,仍然会用它们向他人表明自己的身份”。

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