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研究显示,美军日益宗教化而国家整体仍趋世俗化

研究显示,美军日益宗教化而国家整体仍趋世俗化

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根据最近的统计分析,尽管主流文化日益世俗化,美国武装部队的虔诚度反而上升。

密苏里州圣路易斯市华盛顿大学约翰·丹福斯中心的实务教授瑞安·伯吉(Ryan Burge)在其广受欢迎的Substack专栏《 Graphs About Religion》中发布文章,分析了合作选举研究(Cooperative Election Study)的数据,指出近年来每周至少参加一次教会活动的现役军人数量有所增加。

每周参加教会活动的军人比例从2010-2012年的21%上升至2022-2024年的28%。每周参加超过一次活动的人数比例从2010-2012年的15%上升至2022-2024年的17%。2022-2024年调查中,45%的军人受访者每周至少参加一次礼拜。

同期,受访平民中每周参加礼拜者比例维持在16%,而每周参加多次者比例则从2010-2012年的9%下降至2022-2024年的7%。2022-2024年间接受调查的平民受访者中,每周至少参加一次宗教活动的比例为23%。

伯吉指出:“军人每周参加宗教活动的可能性约为平民的两倍。需注意的是,此处比较的样本仅限于18-45岁人群。”

“这里有两个值得注意的发现:军人始终比其他美国人更活跃于宗教活动,且在普通民众日益世俗化的同时,军人的虔诚度反而有所提升”。

伯吉还考察了受访者是否认为宗教是其生活的重要组成部分。现役军人中认为宗教“极其重要”的比例从2010-2012年的39%上升至2022-2024年的44%。而普通民众中持此观点的比例则从2010-2012年的37%下降至2022-2024年的30%。

伯吉将这一趋势归因于“选择效应”,指出美国实行全志愿兵役制。阿拉巴马州、佛罗里达州、佐治亚州和南卡罗来纳州等地的军人比例明显偏高。

“无需费力揣测就能明白其中缘由:军队在选举日倾向保守派的地区招募兵员更为容易,”他在文章中写道。

“这些地区通常宗教活动也更为活跃。并非军队使官兵更倾向于信仰团体——他们在宣誓入伍前就已如此”。

根据2019年国会报告,约70%的美国军人自认基督徒,约四分之一归类为“其他/未分类/未知”。

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