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研究顯示,美軍日益宗教化而國家整體仍趨世俗化

研究顯示,美軍日益宗教化而國家整體仍趨世俗化

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根據最近的統計分析,儘管主流文化日益世俗化,美國武裝部隊的虔誠度反而上升。

密蘇里州聖路易斯市華盛頓大學約翰·丹福斯中心的實務教授瑞安·伯吉(Ryan Burge)在其廣受歡迎的Substack專欄《 Graphs About Religion》中發布文章,分析了合作選舉研究(Cooperative Election Study)的數據,指出近年來每周至少參加一次教會活動的現役軍人數量有所增加。

每周參加教會活動的軍人比例從2010-2012年的21%上升至2022-2024年的28%。每周參加超過一次活動的人數比例從2010-2012年的15%上升至2022-2024年的17%。2022-2024年調查中,45%的軍人受訪者每周至少參加一次禮拜。

同期,受訪平民中每周參加禮拜者比例維持在16%,而每周參加多次者比例則從2010-2012年的9%下降至2022-2024年的7%。2022-2024年間接受調查的平民受訪者中,每周至少參加一次宗教活動的比例為23%。

伯吉指出:「軍人每周參加宗教活動的可能性約為平民的兩倍。需注意的是,此處比較的樣本僅限於18-45歲人群。」

「這裡有兩個值得注意的發現:軍人始終比其他美國人更活躍於宗教活動,且在普通民眾日益世俗化的同時,軍人的虔誠度反而有所提升」。

伯吉還考察了受訪者是否認為宗教是其生活的重要組成部分。現役軍人中認為宗教「極其重要」的比例從2010-2012年的39%上升至2022-2024年的44%。而普通民眾中持此觀點的比例則從2010-2012年的37%下降至2022-2024年的30%。

伯吉將這一趨勢歸因於「選擇效應」,指出美國實行全志願兵役制。阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、佐治亞州和南卡羅來納州等地的軍人比例明顯偏高。

「無需費力揣測就能明白其中緣由:軍隊在選舉日傾向保守派的地區招募兵員更為容易,」他在文章中寫道。

「這些地區通常宗教活動也更為活躍。並非軍隊使官兵更傾向於信仰團體——他們在宣誓入伍前就已如此」。

根據2019年國會報告,約70%的美國軍人自認基督徒,約四分之一歸類為「其他/未分類/未知」。

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